¡Ù ¾Æ¸£ÇîƼ³ª¿¡¼ ¼¼±Ý³»´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¹Ùº¸ ¡Ù
¾Æ¸£ÇîƼ³ª(Argentine) »ç¶÷À» º»¹Þ¾Æ¶ó. ±×µéÀÇ Ã¹Â° Ã漺(loyalty)Àº
ÀÚ±âÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿¡°Ô ÇÏ°í, µÎ ¹ø° Ã漺Àº ÀÚ±âÀÇ ÀÚ³àµé¿¡°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
±× ´ÙÀ½ Ã漺Àº »çÃÌ, ¼÷¸ð, ¼÷ºÎ¿¡°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
´ç½ÅÀÌ ±â¾÷ÀÇ ÀÏ¿ø(business associates)À¸·Î ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¹«·Æ¿¡´Â
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ã漺 ¶Ç´Â ¹ÏÀ½ÀÇ °³³äÀº ±ú²ýÇÏ°Ô »ç¶óÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ´ç½ÅÀÌ
±¹°¡¿¡ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¹«·Æ¿¡´Â Ã漺À» Àؾî¹ö·Á¶ó.
¼¼±ÝÀ» ³³ºÎÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏ¿©, Áö±Ý ±× ¼¼±ÝÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡ ¹Ý´ë±ÞºÎ¸¦
¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¾Æ¹«µµ ¾ø´Ù. ±×·± »ç¶÷µéÀº ³»°¡ ¼¼±ÝÀ»
³³ºÎÇÑ´Ù¸é, ³ª¸¦ ¹Ùº¸¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
- À͸íÀÇ ¿Ü±³°ü
Ãâó : Tax Analysts ¡°AS CERTAIN AS DEATH — QUOTATIONS ABOUT TAXES¡±
(2004, Jeffery L. Yablon)
<ÇØ ¼³>
2018³â OECD ¹ß°£ÀÚ·á¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ¾Æ¸£ÇîƼ³ª(Argentina)ÀÇ ±â¾÷ ȯ°æ¿¡¼
¿ÜÇü»óÀÇ ¹ýÀûÀΠƲÀº °ÇÀüÇÏ°í ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ OECD ±¹°¡¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö¸¸, ½ÇÁ¦ »óȲÀº
»õ Á¤ºÎ°¡ ÃßÁøÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °³Çõ °èȹ¿¡ µû¸¥ ÀÌÇà ¹× ÁýÇà¿¡¼ °ÝÂ÷¸¦ º¸ÀÌ°í
ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹àÇû´Ù. (A OECD REVIEW OF THE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE OF
STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES, ARGENTINA/ https://www.oecd.org/daf/ca/
Argentina-SOE-Review.pdf)
(1) ¶óƾ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ÁßÀ§±ÇÀÇ Á¶¼¼ºÎ´ã·ü
OECD Åë°èÀÚ·á¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ 2019³â ¾Æ¸£ÇîƼ³ªÀÇ GDP ´ëºñ Á¶¼¼ºÎ´ã·üÀº 28.6%
(2018³â 28.9%)·Î Áß³²¹Ì ±¹°¡ÀÇ Æò±Õ(22.9%)º¸´Ù 5.7% Æ÷ÀÎÆ® ³ô°í OECD Æò±Õ
(33.8%)º¸´Ù´Â ³·´Ù.
2000³â(18.2%) ÀÌÈÄ ¾Æ¸£ÇîƼ³ªÀÇ GDP ´ëºñ Á¶¼¼ºÎ´ã·üÀº 2015³â 31.5%·Î
°¡Àå ³ô¾Ò°í 2002³â¿¡´Â 17.8%·Î °¡Àå ³·¾Ò´Ù.
[2019³â ¶óƾ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ±¹°¡ÀÇ GDP ´ëºñ Á¶¼¼ºÎ´ã·ü(%)]
Äí¹Ù | ºê¶óÁú | ¿ì¸£ °úÀÌ | ¾Æ¸£ ÇîƼ³ª | Ä¥·¹ | ÄÝ·³ ºñ¾Æ | Æä·ç | ¸ß½ÃÄÚ | °úÅ× ¸»¶ó | Áß³²¹Ì Æò±Õ | OECD Æò±Õ |
42.0 | 33.1 | 29.0 | 28.6 | 20.7 | 19.7 | 16.6 | 16.5 | 13.1 | 22.9 | 33.8 |
Ãâó : OECD Åë°è ¡°Revenue Statistics in Latin America and the Caribbean
2021 – Argentina¡±
(2) ¼öÀÍ ´ëºñ 103%ÀÇ ÃÑ Á¶¼¼ºÎ´ã·ü
¼¼°èÀºÇà(World Bank) Åë°èÀÚ·á¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¹ýÁ¤Á¶¼¼ ¿Ü¿¡ Àǹ«ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÎ´ãÇÏ´Â
±â¿©±Ý(ÁØÁ¶¼¼)À» ÇÕÇÑ ÃÑ Á¶¼¼ºÎ´ã·ü(Total tax and contribution rate)À» º¸¸é,
2019³â ¾Æ¸£ÇîƼ³ªÀÇ ÃÑÁ¶¼¼ ºÎ´ã·üÀº 106.3%·Î ¶óƾ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ±¹°¡ Áß¿¡¼
°¡Àå ³ôÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª, ¾Æ¸£ÇîƼ³ª´Â ¹ýÁ¤ ¼¼±Ýº¸´Ùµµ °¢Á¾ ±â¿©±Ý(ÁØÁ¶¼¼)À»
´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ºÎ´ãÇÏ´Â ±¹°¡·Î, ±â¾÷µéÀÌ ¹úÀεéÀÎ ¼öÀÍ(profit)º¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº ±Ý¾×À»
¼¼±Ý°ú ±â¿©±Ý(ÁØÁ¶¼¼)À¸·Î ³»´Â ±âÇö»óÀÌ ÀϾ´Â ±¹°¡ÀÌ´Ù.
¾î´À ¿Ü±³°üÀÇ µ¶¹éó·³ ¹ø °Íº¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº µ·À» ³»´Â »çȸ¶ó¸é ±¹°¡¿¡ Ã漺À»
±â´ëÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ¾î·Æ°í, ¼¼±ÝÀ» ³»´Â »ç¶÷À» ¹Ùº¸·Î Ãë±ÞÇϴ dzÁ¶°¡ »ý±æ ¸¸ÇÏ´Ù.
ÁÖ) ÃÑ Á¶¼¼ºÎ´ã·ü(Total tax and contribution rate)Àº Çã¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ °øÁ¦ ¹×
¸éÁ¦¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÑ ÈÄ ³³ºÎÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÒ ¼¼±Ý ¹× Àǹ«Àû ±â¿©±ÝÀÇ ÇÕ°è¾×À»
¼öÀÍ(profit)À¸·Î ³ª´« ºñÀ²·Î °è»êÇϸç, ¹ýÁ¤¼¼À²°ú´Â ´Ù¸£´Ù.
[2019³â ¶óƾ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¼öÀÍ ´ëºñ ÃÑ Á¶¼¼ºÎ´ã·ü (%)]
¾Æ¸£ ÇîƼ³ª | º¼¸® ºñ¾Æ | ÄÝ·³ ºñ¾Æ | ºê¶óÁú | ¸ß½ÃÄÚ | ¿ì¸£ °úÀÌ | Æä·ç | °úÅ× ¸»¶ó | Ä¥·¹ | Áß³²¹Ì Æò±Õ | OECD Æò±Õ |
106.3 | 83.7 | 71.2 | 65.1 | 55.1 | 41.8 | 36.8 | 35.2 | 34.0 | 46.6 | 41.6 |
Ãâó : World Bank ¡°Total tax and contribution rate (% of profit)¡±
(3) GDP ´ëºñ 50%ÀÇ ¹ýÀμ¼ Å»¼¼
¶óƾ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿Í Ä«¸®ºêÇØ ¿¬¾È 16°³±¹À» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ¡¸¶óƾ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿Í
Ä«¸®ºêÇØ °æÁ¦À§¿øȸ¡¹(ECLAC) ¿¬±¸ÀÚ·á¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ¾Æ¸£ÇîƼ³ª´Â Å»¼¼·Î ÀÎÇÑ
¹ýÀμ¼ ¼¼¼öÀϽÇÀÌ GDP ´ëºñ 49.7%¿¡ À̸£°í ÀÖ´Ù.
[2020³â ¶óƾ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ±¹°¡ÀÇ GDP ´ëºñ ¹ýÀμ¼ ¼¼¼öÀÏ½Ç ºñÀ²(%)]
±¸ ºÐ | Æijª¸¶ | ¾Æ¸£ ÇîƼ³ª | Æä·ç | °úÅ× ¸»¶ó | Ä¥·¹ | ¿ì¸£ °úÀÌ | ÄÝ·³ ºñ¾Æ | ¸ß½ÃÄÚ |
GDP ´ëºñ ¹ýÀμ¼ ÀÏ½Ç ºñÀ² | 72.7 | 49.7 | 51.6 | 79.9 | 31.0 | 44.7 | 35.8 | 19.9 |
Å»¼¼ºñÀ² | 5.3 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 0.7 |
Ãâó : Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
¡°Ending tax evasion and illicit financial flows: A policy imperative for Latin
America and the Caribbean¡±(2021)
(4) ¶óƾ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« Áß 2¹ø°·Î ³ôÀº VAT Å»¼¼
¡¸¶óƾ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿Í Ä«¸®ºêÇØ °æÁ¦À§¿øȸ¡¹(ECLAC) ¿¬±¸ÀÚ·á¿¡ µû¸£¸é,
¾Æ¸£ÇîƼ³ªÀÇ ºÎ°¡°¡Ä¡¼¼(VAT) ¼¼¼öÀϽÇÀº GDP ´ëºñ 3.7%·Î ¶óƾ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«
±¹°¡ Áß º¼¸®ºñ¾Æ ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î Å»¼¼ºñÀ²ÀÌ ³ôÀº ±¹°¡¿¡ ÇØ´çµÈ´Ù.
[2020³â ¶óƾ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ±¹°¡ÀÇ GDP ´ëºñ VAT ¼¼¼öÀÏ½Ç ºñÀ²(%)]
±¸ ºÐ | º¼¸® ºñ¾Æ | ¾Æ¸£ ÇîƼ³ª | Æä·ç | °úÅ× ¸»¶ó | Ä¥·¹ | ¿ì¸£ °úÀÌ | ÄÝ·³ ºñ¾Æ | ¸ß½ÃÄÚ |
GDP ´ëºñ VAT ¼¼¼öÀÏ½Ç ºñÀ² | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 2.8 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0.9 |
Ãâó : Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
¡°Ending tax evasion and illicit financial flows: A policy imperative for
Latin America and the Caribbean¡±(2021)
(5) ¸¸¼ºÀû ÀçÁ¤ÀûÀÚ
¡¸¶óƾ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿Í Ä«¸®ºêÇØ °æÁ¦À§¿øȸ¡¹(ECLAC) ¿¬±¸ÀÚ·á¿¡ µû¸£¸é,
¾Æ¸£ÇîƼ³ªÀÇ GDP ´ëºñ ÀçÁ¤ÀûÀÚ ºñÀ²¿¡¼´Â 2019³â¿¡´Â ÀçÁ¤ÈæÀÚÀ¸³ª,
2020³â¿¡´Â GDP ´ëºñ 1.4%ÀÇ ÀçÁ¤ÀûÀÚ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´´Ù.
[2019~2020³â ¶óƾ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ±¹°¡ÀÇ GDP ´ëºñ ÀçÁ¤ÀûÀÚ ºñÀ²(%)]
±¸ºÐ | ºê¶óÁú | Æä·ç | Ä¥·¹ | ÄÝ·³ºñ¾Æ | ¿¡Äâµµ¸£ | °úÅ׸»¶ó | ¿ì¸£°úÀÌ | ¾Æ¸£ ÇîƼ³ª | ¸ß½ÃÄÚ |
2019 | -1.3 | -0.1 | -1.9 | +0.1 | -1.9 | -0,6 | -0.4 | +0.6 | +1.1 |
2020 | -10.0 | -6.9 | -6.3 | -4.9 | -4.2 | -2.7 | -2.4 | -1.4 | -0.1 |
Ãâó : Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
¡°Ending tax evasion and illicit financial flows: A policy imperative for
Latin America and the Caribbean¡±(2021)
(6) ¶óƾ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« Áß °¡Àå ³ôÀº °ø°ø乫
¡¸¶óƾ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿Í Ä«¸®ºêÇØ °æÁ¦À§¿øȸ¡¹(ECLAC) ¿¬±¸ÀÚ·á¿¡ µû¸£¸é,
¾Æ¸£ÇîƼ³ªÀÇ GDP ´ëºñ Áß¾ÓÁ¤ºÎ °ø°ø乫 ºñÀ²¿¡¼ 2019³â¿¡´Â 90.2%¿´À¸³ª,
2020³â¿¡´Â 104.5%·Î ¶óƾ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ±¹°¡ Áß¿¡¼´Â °¡Àå ³ô¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, 2020³â ¶óƾ
¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ±¹°¡ Æò±ÕºñÀ² 56.3%¿¡ ºñÇÏ¿© ¸Å¿ì ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÌ´Ù.
[2019~2020³â ¶óƾ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ±¹°¡ÀÇ GDP ´ëºñ Áß¾ÓÁ¤ºÎ °ø°ø乫ºñÀ²(%)]
±¸ºÐ | ¾Æ¸£ ÇîƼ³ª | ºê¶óÁú | ¿ì¸£ °úÀÌ | ÄÝ·³ ºñ¾Æ | ¸ß½ÃÄÚ | Æä·ç | °úÅ× ¸»¶ó | Ä¥·¹ | Áß³²¹Ì Æò±Õ |
2019 | 90.2 | 74.3 | 49.0 | 48.6 | 36.1 | 24.8 | 26.6 | 27.9 | 45.6 |
2020 | 104.5 | 89.3 | 61.5 | 61.4 | 41.9 | 35.2 | 32.5 | 32.5 | 56.3 |
Ãâó : Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
¡°Ending tax evasion and illicit financial flows: A policy imperative for Latin
America and the Caribbean¡±(2021)
(7) ¼û°ÜÁø Àç»ê ã¾Æ³»±â
¾Æ¸£ÇîƼ³ª Á¤ºÎ´Â ¼û°ÜÁø ÀÚ±ÝÀÌ ¾Æ¸£ÇîƼ³ª¿¡ ÅõÀÚµÇ¾î °æÁ¦°¡ ħü¿¡¼
¹þ¾î³ª°í ÇâÈÄ ÀçÁ¤ ÀûÀÚ¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ´Â ¼¼¼öÀÔÀ» ´Ã¸± ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î
2016³â ¸»±îÁö ½Å°í´©¶ôµÈ ÀÚ»êÀ» 2016³â ¸»±îÁö ÀÚÁø½Å°íÇϸé Å»¼¼ ÇøÀÇ·Î
±â¼ÒµÇÁö ¾Ê°í 10%ÀÇ ¹ú±ÝÀ» ³³ºÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Á¾°áÇÏ´Â À¯µµÁ¤Ã¥À» Æñ´Ù.
·ÎÀÌÅÍ(Reuters)ÀÇ º¸µµ¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ¾Æ¸£ÇîƼ³ª Á¤ºÎ´Â 2016.12.31.¿¡ Á¾·áµÈ
¡°Á¶¼¼ »ç¸é ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¡±ÀÇ 2´Ü°è¸¦ ¿Ï·áÇÏ¿© 978¾ï 4,200¸¸ ´Þ·¯(±× Áß 841¾ï
3,000¸¸ ´Þ·¯´Â ÇØ¿Ü¿¡ º¸À¯)ÀÇ ¼û°ÜÁø ÀÚ»êÀ» ½Å°íÇß´Ù°í ¹àÇû´Ù.
(2017.1.3. ÀÚ Reuters ¡°Argentines declare $97.8 billion in tax amnesty :
government¡±)
(8) ±¹Á¦°æÀï·Â
¾Æ¸£ÇîƼ³ª´Â ±¹³» °æÁ¦ ¿©°ÇÀÌ ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ »óȲÀÓ¿¡µµ ¡°¼¼°èÀºÇà ±â¾÷ È°µ¿ Áö¼ö¡±
(World Bank Doing Business), ¡°±Û·Î¹ú °æÀï·Â Áö¼ö¡±(Global Competitiveness
Index), ¡°¼¼°è°æÀï·Â ¼øÀ§¡±(World Competitiveness Ranking)ÀÌ ÁßÇÏÀ§±Ç¿¡
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¡°ºÎÆÐÀÎ½Ä ÀÎÁöµµ Áö¼ö¡±(Corruption Perception Index)¿¡¼µµ ÁßÇÏÀ§±Ç¿¡
¸Ó¹°°í ÀÖ¾î, ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶óÀÇ ÅõÀÚ¸¦ ±â´ëÇϱâ´Â ´õ¿í ¾î·Á¿î »óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î,
ä±Ç±¹ÀÇ Ã¤¹«¿¬ÀåÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ÇÑ 10¹ø°ÀÇ ±¹°¡ºÎµµ(default) »çÅ´ ºÒÀ»
º¸µí »·ÇÑ »óȲÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
ÁÂÆÄ Á¤±ÇÀÇ ÆÛÁÖ±â½Ä Ç¥Çø®ÁòÀÌ ºÒ·¯¿Â Âü»ç¸¦ Àü ¼¼°è°¡ ¸ñ°ÝÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Æò°¡ÁöÇ¥ | Æò°¡±â°ü | Æò°¡¼øÀ§ |
¼¼°èÀºÇà ±â¾÷ È°µ¿ Áö¼ö (World Bank Doing Business) | ¼¼°èÀºÇà(World Bank) | 126À§/190°³±¹ |
±Û·Î¹ú °æÀï·Â Áö¼ö (Global Competitiveness Index) | ¼¼°è°æÁ¦Æ÷·³ (World Economic Forum | 83À§/141°³±¹ |
¼¼°è°æÀï·Â (World Competitiveness Ranking) | ±¹Á¦°æ¿µ°³¹ß¿¬±¸¼Ò (International Institute for Management Development) | 63À§/64°³±¹ |
ºÎÆÐÀÎ½Ä ÀÎÁöµµ Áö¼ö (Corruption Perception Index) | ±¹Á¦Åõ¸í¼º ±â±¸ (Transparency International) | 78À§/179°³±¹ |