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¹Ì±¹ ±¹¼¼Ã»(IRS)Àº 2020³â¿¡ 3Á¶ 4,931¾ï ´Þ·¯(°³Àμҵ漼 1Á¶8,712¾ï ´Þ·¯·Î
53.6%)ÀÇ ¼¼¼öÀÔÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇßÀ¸¸ç, ÃÑ 240,160,843°Ç(¼Òµæ¼¼ 189,562,923°Ç)ÀÇ ¼¼±Ý
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³³¼¼ÀÚÀÇ ½Å°í °Ç¼ö¿Í ¼¼¼öÀÔÀº ¸Å³â Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ±× ½Å°í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç
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1. ¼¼¹«Á¶»çÀÇ °¨¼Ò Ãß¼¼
2020³â IRS Åë°è(IRS Data Book)¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç ºñÀ²¿¡ ÀÖ¾î 2010³â °³ÀÎ
¼Òµæ¼¼¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¶»çºñÀ²Àº 1.01%·Î 1,000¸í Áß 10¸íÀÌ ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸³ª
2018³â¿¡´Â 0.24%·Î ÁÙ¾î 1,000¸í Áß 2.4¸íÀÌ ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ¹ýÀÎÀÇ °æ¿ì
¿¡´Â 2010³â 1.55%·Î 1,000°³ ¹ýÀÎ Áß 15.5°³ ¹ýÀÎÀÌ ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸³ª 2018³â
¿¡´Â 0.29%·Î Å©°Ô ÁÙ¾î 1,000°³ÀÇ ¹ýÀÎ Áß 3°³ ¹ýÀÎÀÌ ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
2. °í¼ÒµæÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç
¿¬°£¼Òµæ 500,000´Þ·¯ ¹Ì¸¸ °³Àγ³¼¼ÀÚÀÇ ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç ºñÀ²ÀÌ 2010³â 2.3%¿¡¼
2018³â 0.1%·Î 23ºÐÀÇ 1·Î °¨¼ÒµÈ ¹Ý¸é¿¡, ¿¬°£¼Òµæ 1õ¸¸ ´Þ·¯ ÀÌ»óÀÇ °í¼Òµæ
°³Àγ³¼¼ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç ºñÀ²ÀÌ 2010³â¿¡ 21.5%¿¡¼ 2018³â 5.3%·Î 4ºÐÀÇ
1·Î °¨¼ÒÇÏ¿©, °í¼ÒµæÀÚ´Â Àú¼ÒµæÀÚº¸´Ù 53¹è ´õ ÀÚÁÖ ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù.
¹ýÀÎÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡µµ ¿¬°£¼Òµæ 1õ¸¸ ´Þ·¯ ¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç ºñÀ²ÀÌ 2010³â 2.1%
¿¡¼ 2018³â 0.4%·Î 5ºÐÀÇ 1·Î °¨¼ÒµÈ ¹Ý¸é¿¡
¹ýÀÎÀÇ ¿¬°£¼Òµæ 200¾ï ´Þ·¯ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ´ë¹ýÀÎÀÇ ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç ºñÀ²ÀÌ 2010³â 86.7%
¿¡¼ 2018³â 36.8%·Î 2.4ºÐÀÇ 1·Î °¨¼ÒÇÏ¿©, ´ë¹ýÀÎÀº ¼Ò¹ýÀκ¸´Ù 92¹è ´õ ÀÚÁÖ
¼¼¹«Á¶»ç¸¦ ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¿ª½Ã IRS´Â ¡®Àª¸® ¼Æ°(Willie Sutton) ¹ýÄ¢¡¯¿¡ µû¶ó ¼¼¼öÀÔÀ» ȹº¸Çϱâ À§Çؼ´Â
µ·ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °÷À¸·Î °¡±â ¸¶·ÃÀ̾î¼, ¼¼¹«Á¶»çµµ ¹ýÀΰú °³ÀÎ ¸ðµÎ °í¼ÒµæÀÚ¿¡°Ô
ÁýÁߵǰí ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.(2020 IRS DATA BOOK, Table 17)
3. ¹üÄ¢Á¶»ç
2020³â ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç¿¡¼ 2,624¸íÀ» ¹üÄ¢Á¶»ç·Î ÀüȯÇÏ¿© 1,512¸íÀ» ±â¼ÒÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç,
¹ý¿ø¿¡¼ 1,226¸í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À¯ÁË·Î ¼±°í °á°ú 978¸íÀÌ Â¡¿ªÇüÀ» ¼±°í ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù(¡¿ªÇü
¼±°íºñÀ² 79.8%). (2020 IRS DATA BOOK, Table 24)
4. ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÒº¹
2020ȸ°è¿¬µµ(FY)¿¡ IRS´Â 509,917¸í(¼¸éÁ¶»ç 72.6%, ÇöÀåÁ¶»ç 27.4%)ÀÇ ¼¼¹«
Á¶»ç¸¦ ¸¶°¨ÇÏ¿©, 129¾ï ´Þ·¯ ÀÌ»óÀÇ Ãß¡¼¼¾×ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇßÀ¸¸ç, ±× Áß 12,076¸í
(2.4%)ÀÇ Ãß¡¼¼¾× 43¾ï ´Þ·¯ÀÇ ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©´Â ºÒº¹ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
5. ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç °á°ú ¹«½ÇÀû°ú ȯ±Þ ¹ß»ý
¼¼¹«Á¶»ç¿¡ µÎ·Á¿òÀ» °®´Â °ÍÀº Ãß¡¼¼¾×ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°í °æ¿ì¿¡ µû¶ó¼´Â ¹üÄ¢
Á¶»ç·Î ÀüȯµÇ¾î ¡¿ªÇü±îÁö ¼±°íµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÆÁ¤¶§¹®ÀÌÁö¸¸, ¹Ì±¹ ±¹¼¼Ã»ÀÇ
¼¼¹«Á¶»çÀÇ °á°ú ÀûÃâ»çÇ×ÀÌ ¾ø¾î Ãß¡¼¼¾×ÀÌ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç°á°ú
¿ÀÈ÷·Á ȯ±Þ¼¼¾×ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
½ÇÁ¦·Î 2010³âºÎÅÍ 2018³â±îÁöÀÇ ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç °á°ú Ãß¡¼¼¾×ÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¹«½ÇÀû Á¶»ç´Â
°³ÀÎÀÇ °æ¿ì °³ÀÎ 11.74%, ¹ýÀÎÀº 27.67%¿¡ À̸£°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ´õ ³î¶ó¿î °ÍÀº
2020³â °³Àμҵ漼¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç °á°ú 16,305°ÇÀÇ È¯±Þ°áÁ¤À¸·Î 813,252õ
´Þ·¯ÀÇ È¯±Þ¼¼¾×À¸·Î Á¾°áµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç¿¡¼ Ãß¡¼¼¾×ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ȯ±Þ¼¼¾×ÀÌ
¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç ȯ°æ°ú ºñ±³ÇÒ ¶§ ¸Å¿ì ƯÀÌÇÑ Çö»óÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ.
(2020 IRS DATA BOOK, Table 20)
6. ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¹®Á¶»ç
2017³â 2¿ùÀÇ ¼³¹®Á¶»ç(Rasmussen Reports¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© 2017.2.26.~27.±îÁö Àü±¹
¼ºÀÎ 1,000¸íÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ¼³¹®Á¶»ç)¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ¼¼±Ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎÁ¤ÇàÀ§¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â
¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀº °ÅÀÇ ¾øÁö¸¸ °ú°Åº¸´Ù ±¹¼¼Ã»(IRS)ÀÇ Á¶»ç¸¦ ¹Þ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´õ ¸¹Àº
°ÆÁ¤À» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Á¶»çµÇ¾ú´Ù.
Áï ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀÇ 23%´Â ±¹¼¼Ã»(IRS)ÀÇ ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ¼±Á¤µÉ °ÍÀ» ¿ì·ÁÇÏ°í
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, 7%´Â ¸Å¿ì ¸¹ÀÌ ¿ì·ÁÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Á¶»çµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í
¿©ÀüÈ÷ ´ëºÎºÐ(72%)Àº ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç¿¡ °ÆÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç(not concerned),
ÀÌ´Â 2016³âÀÇ 83%¿¡ ºñÇÏ¿© ¶³¾îÁ³Áö¸¸ ¾ÆÁ÷ ³ôÀº ºñÀ²À» º¸ÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¼¼¹«
Á¶»ç¿¡ °ÆÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ºñÀ² 72% Áß ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÀüÇô °ÆÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â(Not At
All Concerned) »ç¶÷Àº 27%¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ¿´´Ù.(2018.3.28. Rasmussen Reports, LLC
¡°Americans Less Concerned About IRS Audit¡±)
2014³â ±¹¼¼Ã» °¨µ¶À§¿øȸ(IRS Oversight Board)ÀÇ ¡°³³¼¼ÀÚ Åµµ ¼³¹®Á¶»ç¡±¿¡
µû¸£¸é ³³¼¼ÀÚÀÇ 59%°¡ ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â µÎ·Á¿òÀÌ ¿¬¹æ ¼Òµæ¼¼¸¦
½Å°íÇÒ ¶§ ¼º½ÇÇÏ°Ô ½Å°íÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù°í ÀÀ´äÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸¾Æ, ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç°¡
¼º½Ç½Å°í¿¡ Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â °ÍÀº ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù.
[Ç¥ 1] ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °³Àμҵ漼 ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç ºñÀ²
¿¬µµº° | ½Å°í°Ç¼ö ¨ç | Á¶»ç°Ç¼ö ¨è | Á¶»çºñÀ² ¨é | Á¶»ç ¹«½ÇÀû |
°Ç¼ö ¨ê | ºñÀ² (¨ê/¨è) |
2018 | 153,927,628 | 370,432 | 0.24% | 41,276 | 11.14% |
2017 | 153,062,634 | 662,782 | 0.43% | 74,667 | 11.27% |
2016 | 150,447,029 | 769,842 | 0.51% | 78,837 | 10.24% |
2015 | 150,675,111 | 870,665 | 0.58% | 80,114 | 9.20% |
2014 | 148,796,860 | 866,607 | 0.58% | 79,722 | 9.20% |
2013 | 147,552,433 | 954,705 | 0.65% | 99,349 | 10.41% |
2012 | 145,143,496 | 1,184,019 | 0.82% | 157,340 | 13.29% |
2011 | 145,586,312 | 1,299,701 | 0.89% | 160,435 | 12.34% |
2010 | 143,113,663 | 1,439,157 | 1.01% | 216,120 | 15.02% |
Æò±Õ | 148,700,574 | 935,323 | 0.63% | 109,762 | 11.74% |
Ãâó : 2020 IRS DATA BOOK, Table 17
[Ç¥ 2] ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¹ýÀμ¼ ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç ºñÀ²
¿¬µµº° | ½Å°í°Ç¼ö ¨ç | Á¶»ç°Ç¼ö ¨è | Á¶»çºñÀ² ¨é | Á¶»ç ¹«½ÇÀû |
°Ç¼ö ¨ê | ºñÀ² (¨ê/¨è) |
2018 | 1,553,954 | 4.442 | 0.29% | 492 | 11.00% |
2017 | 1,593,379 | 9,307 | 0.58% | 2,319 | 24.92% |
2016 | 1,590,207 | 13,649 | 0.86% | 4,466 | 32.72% |
2015 | 1,626,220 | 15,008 | 0.92% | 4,800 | 31.98% |
2014 | 1,616,336 | 16,840 | 1.04% | 5,497 | 32.64% |
2013 | 1,625,298 | 19,086 | 1.17% | 6.365 | 33.35% |
2012 | 1,631,804 | 21,260 | 1.30% | 7,044 | 33.13% |
2011 | 1,661,740 | 23,642 | 1.42% | 7,686 | 32.51% |
2010 | 1,684,341 | 26,168 | 1.55% | 7,802 | 29.82% |
Æò±Õ | 1,620,364 | 16,107 | 0.99% | 4,457 | 27.67% |
Ãâó : 2020 IRS DATA BOOK, Table 17