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I. ¼¼¹ýÀÇ Áؼö ºÎ´ã
1. Á¶¼¼ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ºñ¿ë °è»ê
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¸ðÈ£ÇÑ ±ÔÁ¤ ¹× ºó¹øÇÑ ¼¼¹ý°³Á¤ µîÀ¸·Î ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. ³³¼¼ÀÚ°¡ ¼¼¹ýÀÇ Áؼö,
°ü¸® ¹× ÁýÇà ºñ¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å·ÚÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃßÁ¤Ä¡·Î ÇöÇà ¹Ì±¹ Á¶¼¼½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ
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Regulatory Affairs, OIRA)¿¡ Á¦ÃâÇÑ ÀÚ·áÀÇ ºÐ¼®¿¡ µû¸£¸é, 2020³â¿¡ ¼¼¹ýÀ»
ÁؼöÇϱâ À§ÇØ ±â·Ï º¸°ü, ¹ý·ü ÇнÀ°ú ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¼½Ä°ú ºÎ¼Ó¸í¼¼¼¸¦ ÀÛ¼º
ÇÏ°í IRS¿¡ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦ÃâÇÏ´Â µ¥ 60¾ï 8,100¸¸ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÇ¾ú´Ù.
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ÀÌ¿¡ ´õÇØ ³³¼¼ÀÚ°¡ ³³¼¼ÀÚ°¡ ½Å°í¼¸¦ ÁغñÇÏ°í Á¦ÃâÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¼Ò¿äµÇ´Â
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°¡Ä¡´Â 3,042¾ï ´Þ·¯·Î ȯ»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (Ç¥ 1 ÂüÁ¶)
[Ç¥ 1] ¼¼¹ý±ÔÁ¤ Áؼö ºÎ´ã(³³¼¼ ¼øÀÀºñ¿ë)
¿¬µµ | ³³¼¼Àǹ«ÀÌÇà ¼Ò¿ä½Ã°£ | ³³¼¼Àǹ«ÀÌÇà ±âȸºñ¿ë | º»ÀÎ Çö±Ý ºÎ´ã ºñ¿ë | ¼ø ³³¼¼Àǹ« ÀÌÇà ºñ¿ë |
2017 | 8,064¹é¸¸ ½Ã°£ | 2,719.1¾ï ´Þ·¯ | 855.1¾ï ´Þ·¯ | 3,574.1¾ï ´Þ·¯ |
2018 | 8,023¹é¸¸ ½Ã°£ | 2,731.8¾ï ´Þ·¯ | 913.6¾ï ´Þ·¯ | 3,645.4¾ï ´Þ·¯ |
2019 | 7,854¹é¸¸ ½Ã°£ | 2,708.6¾ï ´Þ·¯ | 964.7¾ï ´Þ·¯ | 3,673.3¾ï ´Þ·¯ |
2020 | 6,081¹é¸¸ ½Ã°£ | 2,203.1¾ï ´Þ·¯ | 838.6¾ï ´Þ·¯ | 3,041.7¾ï ´Þ·¯ |
ÁÖ) º»ÀÎ Çö±Ý ºÎ´ã ºñ¿ë¿¡´Â ³³¼¼ÀÚ°¡ ½Å°í¼¸¦ ÁغñÇÏ°í Á¦ÃâÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¼Ò¿äµÇ´Â ¸ðµç
ºñ¿ë Áï ¼¼±Ý ½Å°í¼ Áغñ ¹× Á¦Ãâ ´ëÇà¼ö¼ö·á, ¿ìÆí ¿ä±Ý ¹× º¹»ç ºñ¿ë, ¼¼±Ý
½Å°í¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ±¸ÀÔ ¹× »ç¿ëºñ¿ëÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ.
Ãâ ó : National Taxpayers Union Foundation ¡°¹é¾Ç°ü Á¤º¸ ¹× ±ÔÁ¦ ¾÷¹«±¹(OIRA)°ú
³ëµ¿Åë°è±¹(BLS) µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ºÐ¼®¡±'
2. Á¶¼¼ °¨¸é¿¡ µû¸¥ ¾÷¹«·® °¨¼Ò È¿°ú
¹Ì±¹ ¿¬¹æ ¼¼¹ýÀÇ º¹À⼺°ú ³³¼¼¼øÀÀºñ¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¡¸Àü±¹ ³³¼¼ÀÚ¿¬¸ÍÀç´Ü¡¹
(National Taxpayers Union Foundation)ÀÇ ¿¬·Ê °ËÅ亸°í¼¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ³³¼¼
Àǹ«¸¦ ÀÌÇà¿¡ ¼Ò¿äµÈ ÃÑ ½Ã°£ÀÌ 80¾ï 6,400¸¸ ½Ã°£À¸·Î ÃÖ°íÄ¡¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÑ
2017³â ÀÌÈÄ ¸Å³â °¨¼ÒÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â 2017³â ¸» Æ®·³ÇÁ ÇàÁ¤ºÎ¿¡¼
¡¸Á¶¼¼°¨¸é ¹× ÀÏÀÚ¸®¹ý¡¹(Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, TCJA)ÀÇ ½ÃÇàÀ¸·Î ´ë´Ù¼ö
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(Ç¥ 1 ÂüÁ¶)
3. ¼·ù¾÷¹«ÀÇ Åõ¸í¼º
¹Ì±¹ Á¤ºÎ´Â ³³¼¼ÀÚµîÀÇ ¼·ù ÀÛ¾÷ ºÎ´ãÀ» ÁÙÀ̱â À§ÇØ 1980³âÀÇ ¡¸¾÷¹«·®
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ºÎ´ã¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¡¸°ü¸® ¹× ¿¹»ê »ç¹«±¹¡¹(Office of Management and Budget)ÀÇ
½ÂÀÎÀ» ¹Þµµ·Ï Çß´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó IRS´Â Á¤±âÀûÀ¸·Î ³³¼¼ÀÚ¸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ¼³¹®
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4. ³³¼¼Àǹ«ÀÌÇà¿¡ µû¸¥ ¸·´ëÇÑ ºñ¿ë ÀÌÇØ
IRSÀÇ ±â¼ú Á¶Á¤À¸·Î Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ±ÔÁ¤ Áؼö ºÎ´ã ÃßÁ¤Ä¡¸¦ Å©°Ô ³·ÃèÀ½¿¡µµ
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ÀÌ¿¡ ¼ö¹ÝµÈ 3,042¾ï ´Þ·¯ÀÇ ºñ¿ëÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¡¤ 60¾ï 8,100¸¸ ½Ã°£Àº °ÅÀÇ 694,000³â¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÑ´Ù.
¡¤ 2020³âÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ GDP(21Á¶ 4,776¾ï ´Þ·¯)´Þ·¯)ÀÇ 1.4%¿¡ ÇØ´çµÈ´Ù.
¡¤ 2021 ȸ°è¿¬µµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬¹æ ºÎä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼øÀÌÀÚ Áö±Þ¾×(3,030¾ï ´Þ·¯)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
ÀÇȸ ¿¹»ê½Ç(CBO)ÀÇ ÃßÁ¤Ä¡¸¦ ÃÊ°úÇÏ´Â ¼öÄ¡ÀÌ´Ù.
¡¤ ±³À°ºÎ, ±¹Åä¾Èº¸ºÎ ¹× ±³ÅëºÎÀÇ 2020 ȸ°è¿¬µµ Á¤±â¿¹»êÀ» ¸ðµÎ ÇÕÇÑ ºñ¿ë
(3,060¾ï ´Þ·¯)°ú °ÅÀÇ °°Àº ¼öÁØÀÌ´Ù.
. Æ÷ÃáÁö(Fortune) 500´ë ±â¾÷Áß 3°³ ±â¾÷ÀÇ ¸ÅÃâ¾×(Walmart ¸ÅÃâ¾× 5,240¾ï
´Þ·¯, Royal Dutch Shell ¸ÅÃâ¾× 3,520¾ï ´Þ·¯, Saudi Aramco 3,300´Þ·¯)¸¸ÀÌ
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5. IRSÀÇ ³³¼¼Àǹ« ºÎ´ãÀÇ ºñÁßÀº ¹Ì±¹ ÀüüÀÇ 2/3 Â÷Áö
±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ¹üÀ§·Î ÀÎÇØ IRSÀÇ ³³¼¼Àǹ« ÀÌÇà¿¡ µû¸¥ ±ÔÁ¤Áؼö ¼Ò¿ä½Ã°£
60¾ï 8,100¸¸Àº ¹Ì±¹ Á¤ºÎ Àüü ¹®¼ ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ µû¸¥ ±ÔÁ¤Áؼö½Ã°£
96¾ï 2000¸¸ ½Ã°£ÀÇ °ÅÀÇ 2/3(67.3%)¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇϸç, IRS ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î
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¥±. °³Àμҵ漼
1. °³Àμҵ漼 ½Å°í¿¡ µû¸¥ ¼¼¹ýÁؼö ºÎ´ã
IRSÀÇ °³Àμҵ漼(Individual Income Tax, IIT) ³³¼¼Àǹ« ÀÌÇà¿¡ µû¸¥ ±ÔÁ¤
Áؼö ¼Ò¿ä½Ã°£ÀÌ 2019³â 17¾ï ½Ã°£¿¡¼ 2020³â 20¾ï ½Ã°£À¸·Î Áõ°¡ÇÔ¿¡
µû¶ó ÃÑ ºñ¿ëÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
2020³â °³Àμҵ漼(IIT) ¡¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³³¼¼Àǹ« ÀÌÇà ºÎ´ã¿¡¼ º»ÀÎ ºÎ´ã
ºñ¿ë(333¾ï ´Þ·¯¡æ380¾ï ´Þ·¯)°ú ¹Î°£ ºÎ¹® ÀΰǺñ Áõ°¡¿¡ µû¸¥ ±âȸºñ¿ë
(596¾ï ´Þ·¯¡æ723¾ï ´Þ·¯) Áõ°¡·Î ÀÎÇØ ±ÔÁ¤ Áؼö ºÎ´ãÀº 2019³âº¸´Ù
174¾ï ´Þ·¯ Áõ°¡ÇÑ 1,102¾ï ´Þ·¯¿¡ À̸£·¶´Ù.(Ç¥ 2 ÂüÁ¶)
[Ç¥ 2] °³Àμҵ漼 ³³¼¼Àǹ« ÀÌÇàºñ¿ë
¿¬µµ | ³³¼¼Àǹ«ÀÌÇà ¼Ò¿ä½Ã°£ | ³³¼¼Àǹ«ÀÌÇà ±âȸºñ¿ë | º»ÀÎ Çö±Ý ºÎ´ãºñ¿ë | ³³¼¼Àǹ« ÀÌÇà ºñ¿ë |
2017 | 18.55¾ï ½Ã°£ | 622.5¾ï ´Þ·¯ | 317.2¾ï ´Þ·¯ | 942.7¾ï ´Þ·¯ |
2018 | 17.84¾ï ½Ã°£ | 607.5¾ï ´Þ·¯ | 317.6¾ï ´Þ·¯ | 925.1¾ï ´Þ·¯ |
2019 | 17.17¾ï ½Ã°£ | 596.1¾ï ´Þ·¯ | 332.7¾ï ´Þ·¯ | 928.8¾ï ´Þ·¯ |
2020 | 19.95¾ï ½Ã°£ | 722.8¾ï ´Þ·¯ | 379.6¾ï ´Þ·¯ | 1,102.4¾ï ´Þ·¯ |
Ãâó : National Taxpayers Union Foundation ¡° Tax Complexity 2020:
Compliance Burdens Ease for Second Year Since Tax Reform¡±(Demian
Brady, 2020.4.15.)
2020³â °³Àμҵ漼 ½Å°í¿Í °ü·ÃÇÑ ³³¼¼Àǹ« ÀÌÇà ºñ¿ë 1,102¾ï ´Þ·¯¸¦
°³Àμҵ漼 ½Å°í°Ç¼ö 1¾ï 6,450¸¸ °ÇÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¸é, 2020³â¿¡ °³Àμҵ漼
³³¼¼Àǹ« ÀÌÇàÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ½Å°íÀÚ 1Àδç 670.14 ´Þ·¯¸¦ ºÎ´ãÇÑ ¼ÀÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
(Ç¥ 3 ÂüÁ¶)
[Ç¥ 3] °³Àμҵ漼 °Ç´ç ³³¼¼¼øÀÀºñ¿ë
¿¬µµ | Á¦Ã⠰Ǽö | °Ç´ç ¼ø ³³¼¼Àǹ« ÀÌÇàºñ¿ë |
2017 | 1¾ï 5,290¸¸ °Ç | 616.53 ´Þ·¯ (654.95 ´Þ·¯) |
2018 | 1¾ï 5,780¸¸ °Ç | 586.24 ´Þ·¯ (610.14 ´Þ·¯) |
2019 | 1¾ï 5,930¸¸ °Ç | 583.06 ´Þ·¯ (597.56 ´Þ·¯) |
2020 | 1¾ï 6,450¸¸ °Ç | 670.14 ´Þ·¯ (670.14 ´Þ·¯) |
¡Ø ( )´Â ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀ» °¨¾ÈÇÏ¿© 2020³âÀ¸·Î ȯ»êÇÑ ¼öÄ¡ÀÓ
Ãâó : National Taxpayers Union Foundation ¡° Tax Complexity 2020:
Compliance Burdens Ease for Second Year Since Tax Reform¡±
(Demian Brady, 2020.4.15.)
2. °³Àμҵ漼 ½Å°í¼½Ä(1040¼½Ä)ÀÇ º¹À⼺
¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °³Àμҵ漼¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ÃÑ 136°³ÀÇ ½Å°í¼½Ä ¹× ºÎ¼Ó¸í¼¼¼°¡
ÀÖÁö¸¸ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ³³¼¼ÀÚ°¡ ¿¬¹æ °³Àμҵ漼¸¦ ½Å°íÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ±âº»
½Å°í¼½ÄÀº 1040ÀÌ´Ù. 1040½Å°í¼½ÄÀº 1935³â¿¡ 1ÆäÀÌÁö(34Çà)¿¡¼
2020³â¿¡´Â 2ÆäÀÌÁö(37Çà)·Î Å« º¯È°¡ ¾ø¾úÀ¸³ª, °³Àμҵ漼 ½Å°í¿¡ µû¸¥
¾È³»ÁöħÀº 1935³â¿¡ 2ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡¼ 2020³â¿¡´Â 218ÆäÀÌÁö·Î Å©°Ô ´Ã¾î,
±×¸¸Å ¼¼¹ýÀÌ º¹ÀâÇØÁ³À½À» ¹ÝÁõÇØÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
3. °³Àμҵ漼 ½Å°í(1040¼½Ä, 1040-SR ¼½Ä)¿¡ µû¸¥ Æò±Õ ºñ¿ë
°³Àμҵ漼 ½Å°í¼¸¦ Á¦ÃâÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î º»ÀÎÀÇ Çö±Ý ºÎ´ã ºñ¿ë¿¡´Â ³³¼¼ÀÚ°¡
½Å°í¼¸¦ ÁغñÇÏ°í Á¦ÃâÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¼Ò¿äµÇ´Â ¸ðµç ºñ¿ë Áï ¼¼±Ý ½Å°í¼ Áغñ ¹×
Á¦Ãâ ´ëÇà¼ö¼ö·á, ¿ìÆí ¿ä±Ý ¹× º¹»ç ºñ¿ë, ¼¼±Ý ½Å°í¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î
±¸ÀÔ ¹× »ç¿ëºñ¿ëÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǸç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÃßÁ¤Ä¡¿¡´Â ½Å°í ÈÄÀÇ È°µ¿°ú °ü·ÃµÈ
ºÎ´ãÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
2020³â °³Àμҵ漼 ½Å°í¼(1040¼½Ä, 1040-SR ¼½Ä)¸¦ Á¦ÃâÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î,
¸ðµç ³³¼¼ÀÚÀÇ ¿¹»ó Æò±Õ ½Ã°£ ºÎ´ãÀº 12½Ã°£À̸ç Æò±Õ ºñ¿ëÀº ½Å°í¼´ç
230´Þ·¯¿¡ À̸£°í ÀÖ´Ù.
ºñ»ç¾÷ ³³¼¼ÀÚÀÇ Æò±Õ ½Ã°£ ºÎ´ãÀº ¾à 8½Ã°£À¸·Î 140´Þ·¯ÀÎ ¹Ý¸é »ç¾÷
³³¼¼ÀÚÀÇ Æò±Õ ½Ã°£ºÎ´ãÀº ¾à 21½Ã°£À¸·Î 440´Þ·¯¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ¿© ºñ»ç¾÷ÀÚÀÇ
Çö±ÝºÎ´ã¾×ÀÇ 3¹è¸¦ ³Ñ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (Ç¥ 4 ÂüÁ¶)
[Ç¥ 4] °³Àμҵ漼 ½Å°í¼(1040¼½Ä, 1040-SR ¼½Ä) Á¦Ãâ¿¡ µû¸¥ ºÎ´ãºñ¿ë
±¸ºÐ | 2019³â | 2020³â |
½Å°í¼ Á¦Ãâ ºñÀ² | Æò±Õ ¼Ò¿ä½Ã°£ | º»ÀÎ Çö±Ý ºÎ´ã ºñ¿ë | ½Å°í¼ Á¦Ãâ ºñÀ² | Æò±Õ ¼Ò¿ä½Ã°£ | º»ÀÎ Çö±Ý ºÎ´ã ºñ¿ë |
ºñ»ç¾÷ÀÚ | 70% | 7½Ã°£ | 130´Þ·¯ | 70% | 8½Ã°£ | 140´Þ·¯ |
»ç ¾÷ ÀÚ | 30% | 20½Ã°£ | 410´Þ·¯ | 30% | 21½Ã°£ | 440´Þ·¯ |
Æò ±Õ | 100% | 11½Ã°£ | 210´Þ·¯ | 100% | 12½Ã°£ | 230´Þ·¯ |
Ãâó : IRS ¡°Instructions for Form 1040 and Form 1040-SR(2020)¡±
¥². ¹ýÀμ¼
1. ¹ýÀμ¼ ½Å°í¿¡ µû¸¥ ¼¼¹ýÁؼö ºÎ´ã
¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ ÆÄÆ®³Ê½Ê(partnerships), ÁÖ½Äȸ»ç(corporations) ¹× Åë°ü ±â¾÷
(pass-through businesses)Àº ¹ýÀÎÀ¸·Î ¼¼±ÝÀ» ½Å°íÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì 242°³ÀÇ
½Å°í¼½Ä ¹× ºÎ¼Ó¸í¼¼¼°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
ÁÖ) Åë°ü ±â¾÷(pass-through business)Àº ¹ýÀμ¼·Î °ú¼¼µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÚ¿µ¾÷ü(sole
proprietorship), ÆÄÆ®³Ê½Ê(partnership) ¶Ç´Â S ¹ýÀÎ(S corporation)À¸·Î
ÀÌ »ç¾÷ü´Â °³ÀÎ ¼Òµæ¼¼ ½Å°í¼¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ½Å°íÇÏ°í °³ÀÎ ¼Òµæ¼¼À²·Î °ú¼¼µÈ´Ù.
2017³â ÀÌÈÄ 2020³â±îÁö ¹ýÀμ¼ ½Å°í°Ç¼ö´Â ¾à°£ÀÇ Áõ°¡Ãß¼¼¸¦
º¸¿´À¸³ª, ³³¼¼Àǹ« ÀÌÇà¿¡ µû¸¥ ¼Ò¿ä½Ã°£Àº 2017³â 30¾ï ½Ã°£¿¡¼
2020³â 11¾ï ½Ã°£À¸·Î ÁÙ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ³³¼¼Àǹ« ÀÌÇà ºñ¿ëµµ 2017³â 1,562¾ï
´Þ·¯¿¡¼ 2020³â 836¾ï ´Þ·¯·Î Å©°Ô °¨¼ÒÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
(Ç¥ 5 ÂüÁ¶)
[Ç¥ 5] ¹ýÀμ¼ ³³¼¼Àǹ« ÀÌÇàºñ¿ë
¿¬µµ | ¹ýÀμ¼ ½Å°í¼ Á¦Ã⠰Ǽö (°Ç) | ³³¼¼Àǹ«ÀÌÇà ¼Ò¿ä½Ã°£ (½Ã°£) | ³³¼¼Àǹ«ÀÌÇà ±âȸºñ¿ë (´Þ·¯) | º»ÀÎ Çö±Ý ºÎ´ã ºñ¿ë (´Þ·¯) | ¼ø ³³¼¼Àǹ« ÀÌÇà ºñ¿ë (´Þ·¯) |
2017 | 11¹é¸¸ | 30.4¾ï | 1,025.1¾ï | 536.4¾ï | 1,561.5¾ï |
2018 | 11.3¹é¸¸ | 31.57¾ï | 1,075¾ï | 581.5¾ï | 1,656.4¾ï |
2019 | 12¹é¸¸ | 33.44¾ï | 1,161¾ï | 615.6¾ï | 1,776,6¾ï |
2020 | 11.8¹é¸¸ | 10.85¾ï | 393.1¾ï | 442.8¾ï | 835.9¾ï |
ÀÌ´Â 2017³â ¸»ÀÇ ¡¸Á¶¼¼°¨¸é ¹× ÀÏÀÚ¸®¹ý¡¹(TCJA)ÀÇ ½ÃÇà ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¹Ì±¹Àº
¼±Áø±¹Áß¿¡¼ ¿¬¹æ, ÁÖ ¹× Áö¹æÁ¤ºÎÀÇ ¹ýÁ¤ ¹ýÀμ¼À²ÀÌ °¡Àå ³ô¾ÒÀ¸³ª,
TCJA¿¡¼ ¿¬¹æ ¹ýÀμ¼À²À» 35%¿¡¼ 21%·Î ÀÎÇÏÇÏ¸é¼ ¹ýÀμ¼ ½Å°í¿¡ µû¸¥
¼¼¹ý±ÔÁ¤ Áؼöºñ¿ëÀ» ³·Ãè±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
2. ¹ýÀμ¼ ½Å°í¿¡ µû¸¥ ³³¼¼Àǹ«ÀÌÇà ºñ¿ë
2017³â¿¡ ¹ýÀÎÀº ¹ýÀμ¼ ½Å°í¿¡ ´ëÇØ °Ç´ç Æò±Õ 276½Ã°£ÀÇ ½Ã°£°ú
14,195´Þ·¯ÀÇ ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª, 2020³â¿¡´Â IRSÀÇ ±â¼úÀûÀÎ º¯°æÀ¸·Î
ÀÎÇØ °Ç´ç 92½Ã°£°ú 7,084´Þ·¯·Î Å©°Ô ÁÙ¾ú´Ù. (Ç¥ 6 ÂüÁ¶)
¶ÇÇÑ 2020³â¿¡ Áß¼Ò±â¾÷Àº ¼¼±Ý½Å°í¿¡ Æò±Õ 80½Ã°£(2017³â 280½Ã°£)ÀÌ
¼Ò¿äµÇ´Â ¹Ý¸é¿¡, ÀÚ»êÀÌ 1õ¸¸ ´Þ·¯ ÀÌ»óÀÎ ´ë±â¾÷Àº Æò±Õ 325½Ã°£
(2017³â 1,255½Ã°£)ÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÇ¾ú´Ù.
[Ç¥ 6] ¹ýÀμ¼ °Ç´ç ³³¼¼Àǹ« ÀÌÇàºñ¿ë
¿¬µµ | Á¦Ã⠰Ǽö | °Ç´ç ¼ø ³³¼¼Àǹ« ÀÌÇàºñ¿ë |
2017 | 11¹é¸¸ | 14,195.35 ´Þ·¯ |
2018 | 11.3¹é¸¸ | 14,658.75 ´Þ·¯ |
2019 | 12¹é¸¸ | 14,805.14 ´Þ·¯ |
2020 | 11.8¹é¸¸ | 7,083.9 ´Þ·¯ |
¥³. ¼¼±Ý½Å°í ´ëÇà ¼ö¼ö·á
IRS´Â ±â¾÷ÀÇ 90%¿Í °³ÀÎ ³³¼¼ÀÚÀÇ 95%°¡ ¼¼±Ý ½Å°í¼¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ
À¯·á ÀÛ¼º´ëÇà ¶Ç´Â ¼¼±Ý ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤Çß´Ù.
¼ö³â µ¿¾È Àü±¹ ³³¼¼ÀÚ ¿¬¸Í(National Taxpayers Union)°ú Àü±¹³³¼¼ÀÚ
¿¬¸Í Àç´Ü(National Taxpayers Union Foundation)Àº ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ °¡Àå Å«
¼¼±Ý½Å°í ´ëÇà»ç¾÷ÀÚ Áß ÇϳªÀÎ H&R BlockÀÌ ºÎ°úÇÏ´Â 1980³â ÀÌÈÄ Æò±Õ
¼ö¼ö·á¸¦ ÃßÀûÇÑ °á°ú,
2020³â ½Å°í¼ ´ëÇà Æò±Õ ¼ö¼ö·á ºñ¿ëÀº 228´Þ·¯·Î 2016³âÀÇ ÃÖ°í
255´Þ·¯¿¡¼ 10% ÀÌ»ó °¨¼ÒÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ÆÁ÷µµ 228´Þ·¯ÀÇ ºñ¿ëÀº
¿©ÀüÈ÷ 1980³âº¸´Ù 250% ´õ ³ô¾ÆÁø »óÅÂÀ̸ç, ÀÌ´Â Á¶¼¼Á¦µµÀÇ º¹À⼺ÀÌ
Áõ´ëµÇ°í ÀÖÀ½À» ½Ã»çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Ç¥ 7 ÂüÁ¶)
[Ç¥ 7] H & R BlockÀÇ Æò±Õ ½Å°í´ëÇà ¼ö¼ö·á ($)
1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
90.72 | 110.99 | 101.22 | 106.02 | 154.97 | 196.26 | 223.74 |
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
247.28 | 254.69 | 252.08 | 251.19 | 237.17 | 227.83 | |
Ãâó : National Taxpayers Union Foundation ¡° Tax Complexity 2020: Compliance Burdens Ease for Second Year Since Tax Reform¡±(Demian Brady, 2020.4.15.)
¥´. °á·Ð
2020³â ±Í¼ÓºÐ ½Å°í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ IRSÀÇ ºÐ¼®¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¼¼¹ý±ÔÁ¤ Áؼö ÀÌÇà
ºÎ´ãÀº 2017³â ¡¸Á¶¼¼°¨¸é ¹× ÀÏÀÚ¸®¹ý¡¹(TCJA)ÀÇ Åë°ú ÀÌÈÄ 3³â ¿¬¼Ó °¨¼Ò
Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ³³¼¼Àǹ« ÀÌÇà¿¡ ÁöÃâÇÑ °³ÀÎ ¹× ¹ýÀÎÀÌ ºÎ´ãÇÏ´Â
ºñ¿ëÀº »ý»êÀûÀÎ ³ë·Â¿¡ ÅõÀ﵃ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±ÍÁßÇÑ ½Ã°£°ú ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ °¦¾Æ¸Ô´Â
¾öû³ ¼¼±Ý½Å°í Áغñ°¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù.
³³¼¼ÀÚ´Â ´õ ³ôÀº ¼¼À²°ú ´õ º¹ÀâÇÑ º¹À⼺À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ Çè³ÇÑ ±æÀ» °È°Ô µÉ
¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. IRSÀÇ ¼¼¹«ÇàÁ¤ ÁýÇà ¿¹»êÀ» ´Ã·Á Á¶»ç ¹× °¨»ç(examinations and
audits)¸¦ È®´ëÇÏÀÚ´Â Á¦¾Èµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
ƯÁ¤µÈ ³³¼¼ÀÚ¿Í ±â¾÷ÀÌ ¼¼±ÝÀÇ "°øÁ¤ÇÑ ¼¼ºÎ´ã ¸ò"(fair share)À» ³³ºÎÇÏÁö
¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ºÒ¸¸¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, ¡¸±¹¼¼ÇàÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À繫ºÎ °¨»ç°ü(TIGTA)ÀÇ
º¸°í¼¡¹(2020.6.22. ¡°The Large Case Examination Selection Method
Consistently Results in High No-Change Rates¡±, Reference Number:
2020-30-031)¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀÎ ½Å°í¿¡ µû¸¥ ¹ý Áؼö¸¦ °ËÁõÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©
¹Ì±¹ ±¹¼¼Ã»¿¡¼ ¿ì¼± ÄÄÇ»Åͺм®ÀÛ¾÷¹æ½Ä(Discriminant Analysis System,
DAS)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© 2015³âºÎÅÍ 2018³â±îÁö ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®ÇÑ ´ë±â¾÷ÀÇ ¼¼±Ý
½Å°í¼ Áß 10,755°ÇÀÇ ½Å°í¼¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÑ °á°ú 47.2%(5,079°Ç)°¡
¡°³³ºÎÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ¼¼¾×ÀÇ º¯È°¡ ¾øÀ½¡±(no net change in taxes owed)À¸·Î
Á¾°áµÇ¾úÀ½À» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù°í ¹àÈ÷¸é¼, ³³ºÎÇÒ ¼¼¾×ÀÇ º¯È°¡ ¾ø´Â ºÐ¼®
ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ 200½Ã°£À» ÃÊ°úÇÏ¿© ÅõÀÔÇÑ ½Å°íÀÚ(5,079°Ç Áß 2,227°Ç)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
ÀáÀçÀû ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î 2,270¸¸ ´Þ·¯°¡ ¼Ò¿äµÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤Çß´Ù. (Ç¥ 8 ÂüÁ¶)
ÁÖ) ¹Ì±¹ IRS´Â ¼¼¹«Á¶»ç ¼Ò¿ä½Ã°£À» ¡®ºü¸¥ Á¶»ç¡¯(A fast examination)´Â
150½Ã°£ À̳», ¡®Æò±Õ Á¶»ç¡¯(An average examination)´Â 150~200½Ã°£,
¡®´À¸° Á¶»ç¡¯(A slow examination)´Â 250½Ã°£ ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÐÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¹Ì±¹ Á¶¼¼ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ º¹À⼺À» ÇؼÒÇÏ°í °£¼ÒÈµÈ Á¶¼¼ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °®Ãß°í
³³¼¼ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ IRSÀÇ ÀÀ´ä¼ºÀÌ °³¼±µÇ°í ±¹¼¼ÇàÁ¤ÀÇ Åõ¸í¼ºÀÌ È®º¸µÉ ¶§
³³¼¼ÀÚµéÀº ´õ ³ªÀº ¾çÁúÀÇ ³³¼¼¼ºñ½º¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
[Ç¥ 8] DAS½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ºÐ¼®°á°ú ¼¼¾×º¯µ¿¾ø´Â ½Å°í¼ ºñÀ²
±¸ ºÐ | ºÐ¼®´ë»ó | ¼¼¾×º¯È¾øÀ½ | ¹«½ÇÀû ºñÀ² |
°Ç¼ö | Á¡À¯ºñ | °Ç¼ö | Á¡À¯ºñ |
2013³â 6¿ù ÀÌÀü | 1,631 | 15.2% | 516 | 10.2% | 31.6% |
2013³â 7¿ù~2015³â 12¿ù | 6,971 | 64.8% | 3,416 | 67.3% | 49.0% |
2016³â 1¿ù ÀÌÈÄ | 2,153 | 20.0% | 1,147 | 22.6% | 53.3% |
ÇÕ °è | 10,755 | 100% | 5,079 | 100% | 47.2% |
Ãâó : TIGTA analysis of LB&I Division¡¯s FYs 2015–2018 DAS examination data.