GDP ´ëºñ °ø°ø乫(Public Debt) ºñÀ²Àº ÇÑ ±¹°¡ÀÇ °æÁ¦°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª °Ç°
ÇÏ°í ºÎ並 °±À» °¡´É¼º°ú, ƯÈ÷ ±¹°¡ °£ ºÎ並 ºñ±³ÇÏ°í ±¹°¡°¡ °æÁ¦
È¥¶õÀ¸·Î ÇâÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¿©ºÎ¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ¸ç, ÅõÀÚÀÚ, ÅëÄ¡±ÇÀÚ ¹×
°æÁ¦ÇÐÀÚ¿¡°Ô À¯¿ëÇÑ µµ±¸°¡ µÈ´Ù.
±¹Ã¤ ÅõÀÚÀÚ´Â GDP ´ëºñ °ø°ø乫ÀÇ ºñÀ²À» ÅëÇØ ±¹°¡ °£ÀÇ Ã¤¹« ¼öÁØÀ»
ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, 2021³â µ¶ÀÏÀÇ °ø°ø乫´Â 3Á¶ 2,168¾ï ´Þ·¯·Î
±×¸®½ºÀÇ °ø°ø乫 4,775¾ï ´Þ·¯ º¸´Ù 6.7¹è³ª Å©´Ù. ±×·¯³ª µ¶ÀÏÀÇ GDP´Â
3Á¶ 7,841¾ï ´Þ·¯·Î ±×¸®½ºÀÇ GDP 1,999¾ï ´Þ·¯º¸´Ù 18.9¹è¿¡ À̸¥´Ù.
ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ EU¿¡¼ °¡Àå Å« ±¹°¡ÀÎ µ¶ÀÏÀÌ ±×¸®½º¸¦ ±¸Á¦ÇؾßÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯ÀÌ´Ù.
2021³â µ¶ÀÏÀÇ GDP ´ëºñ °ø°ø乫 ºñÀ²Àº 72.5%ÀÎ ¹Ý¸é ±×¸®½º´Â °ÅÀÇ
206.6%¿´´Ù.
¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ±¹°¡Ã¤¹«´Â 2021³â¿¡ 30Á¶¸¦ ³Ñ¾î¼¹À¸¸ç, GDP ´ëºñ 133.3%À̸ç,
ÀϺ»ÀÇ ±¹°¡Ã¤¹«´Â 14Á¶ 7,000¾ï ´Þ·¯¸¦ ³Ñ¾úÀ¸¸ç GDP ´ëºñ 256.9%ÀÎ
¹Ý¸é¿¡, Çѱ¹ÀÇ ±¹°¡Ã¤¹«´Â 7,730¾ï ´Þ·¯·Î GDP ´ëºñ 52.3%·Î ºñÀ²¸¸À¸·Î
º¸¸é ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö´Â ³·Àº ÆíÀÌ´Ù.(US Debt Clock., https://www.usdebtclock.org/world-debt-clock.html)
Çѱ¹ÀÇ ±¹°¡Ã¤¹«ÀÇ Æ¯¼º»ó GDP ´ëºñ ±¹°¡Ã¤¹« ºñÀ²ÀÌ ³·´Ù°í ÇÏ¿©
¾È½ÉÇÒ ¼ö Àִٰųª ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
2022³â 1¿ù ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ IMFÀÇ 2022³â °ø°ø乫ÀÇ Àü¸ÁÄ¡¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ¹Ì±¹ µî
¼±Áø°æÁ¦±ÇÀº 119.3%(2020³â 122.7%), ¼±Áø±¹ G-20 ±¹°¡µéÀº 130.2%
(2020³â 133.8%)·Î °¨¼ÒÃß¼¼ÀÎ ¹Ý¸é¿¡, °³¹ßµµ»ó±¹Àº 49.8%(2020³â
45.0%)·Î Áõ°¡Ãß¼¼¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
2021³â ¿ì¸®³ª¶óÀÇ GDP ´ëºñ °ø°ø°ø乫ºñÀ²ÀÌ 52.3%ÀÎ ¹Ý¸é¿¡,
ÀϺ»Àº 256.9%, ¹Ì±¹Àº 133.3%¿¡ À̸¦ Á¤µµ·Î ³ôÀº ¼öÁØ¿¡ ÀÖÁö¸¸, 乫ÀÇ
ÁúÀû ³»¿ëÀ» º¸¸é Å« Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
¹Ì±¹Àº ÇØ¿Ü¿¡ ¸¹Àº ä±ÇÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ÇØ¿Ü Ã¤±Ç°ú 乫¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ º¸À¯
ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¾ç¸é¼ºÀÇ ±¹°¡·Î, ÀϹæÀû 乫¸¦ ¸¹ÀÌ º¸À¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â
¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿Í´Â »çÁ¤ÀÌ ´Ù¸£´Ù.
2016³â¿¡ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ´ë¿Ü ÃÑ ºÎä´Â 34Á¶ ´Þ·¯·Î GDPÀÇ 185%¿´À¸³ª,
2016³â ´ç½ÃÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ´ë¿Ü ÃÑ ÀÚ»êÀº 26Á¶ ´Þ·¯·Î ¹Ì±¹ GDPÀÇ 140%¿¡
À̸£°í ÀÖ¾î ºÎä »óȯ¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
(PIIE ¡°What Is Globalization? And How Has the Global Economy Shaped
the United States?¡±)
±×¸®°í ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °ø°ø 乫´Â ´ëºÎºÐ ¿¬±â±Ý, ¹ÂÃß¾ó ÆÝµå ¹× Áö¹æ Á¤ºÎ°¡
¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¹°·Ð GDP ´ëºñ °ø°ø乫 ºñÀ²ÀÌ ±¹°¡ÀÇ Ã¤¹« ºÒÀÌÇà ¿©ºÎ¸¦ Ç×»ó Àß
¿¹ÃøÇØ ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
ÀϺ»ÀÇ GDP ´ëºñ °ø°ø乫 ºñÀ²Àº 1990³â´ë ¸»¿¡ óÀ½À¸·Î GDPÀÇ
100%¸¦ µ¹ÆÄÇÏ¿© ÇöÀç´Â 250%¸¦ ÃÊ°úÇÑ »óÅÂÀÌÁö¸¸, ±×·¯³ª ÀϺ»Àº
ºÎäÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» ±¹³»¿¡¼ º¸À¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¶ÇÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ µî ¿Ü±¹¿¡ ¸¹Àº
ÀÚ»êÀ» º¸À¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ »óȲ¿¡ óÇÑ ±¹°¡À̸ç, 乫 ºÒÀÌÇàÀÇ
À§ÇèÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Àû´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.(The Balance - US ECONOMY- FISCAL
POLICY ¡°What Is the Debt-to-GDP Ratio?¡± KIMBERLY AMADEO,
2021.3.26.)
±×¸®½ºÀÇ ºÎµµ À§±â´Â ¿Ü±¹ Á¤ºÎ¿Í ÀºÇàÀÌ ±×¸®½º ºÎ並 ¸¹ÀÌ º¸À¯Çϱâ
¶§¹®¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇßÀ¸¸ç, 1997³âÀÇ Çѱ¹ ¿ÜȯÀ§±âµµ °°Àº ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼¿´´Ù.
±×¸®½ºÀÇ ºÎä·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ½ºÅÄ´õµå ¾Øµå Ǫ¾î½º(S & P) µî ½Å¿ëÆò°¡±â°ü¿¡
ÀÇÇØ ÇÏÇâ Á¶Á¤µÈ ±Ý¸®°¡ »ó½ÂÇϸé¼, ±×¸®½º´Â À̸¦ À§ÇØ Á¤ºÎÁöÃâÀ»
ÁÙÀÌ°í ¼¼±ÝÀ» ¿Ã¸®±â·Î ÇÕÀÇÇßÁö¸¸, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¶Ä¡´Â °æÁ¦¸¦ ´õ¿í µÐȽÃÄÑ
°á±¹ ¼¼¼öÀÔµµ ¿Ã¸®Áö ¸øÇÏ°í 乫 »óȯ´É·ÂÀ» ÁÙÀÌ´Â °á°ú¸¸ ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ÀϺ» À繫ºÎ(MOF)´Â ÀϺ»ÀÇ ´ë¿Ü ¼øÀÚ»êÀÌ 2018³â¸» ÇöÀç 342Á¶¿£
(3Á¶ 1õ¾ï ´Þ·¯)À¸·Î, 2014³â »ç»ó ÃÖ´ë¿´´ø 351Á¶¿£¿¡ ÀÌ¾î ±â·Ï»ó
µÎ ¹ø°·Î Å« ±Ô¸ð·Î ¼ºÀåÇØ 28³â ¿¬¼Ó ÃÖ°íÀÇ Ã¤±Ç±¹ÀÌ µÆ´Ù°í ¹àÇû´Ù.
ÀÌ °°Àº ÀϺ»ÀÇ ´ë¿Ü ¼ø Àڻ꿡 ÀÌ¾î µ¶ÀÏÀº 2018³â ¸» ¼øÀÚ»êÀÌ
2Á¶ 3,500¾ï ´Þ·¯·Î ¼¼°è 2À§ ä±Ç±¹À̾úÀ¸¸ç, Áß±¹ÀÌ ±× µÚ¸¦ À̾ú´Ù.
(Reuters ¡°Japan keeps top creditor nation status as external assets
grow¡±, 2019.5.24.)
±×·¯³ª ÀϺ»ÀÇ ºÎä´Â ±× ¼º°ÝÀÌ ´Ù¸£´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ´ëºÎºÐ ±¹Ã¤ ÇüÅ·Î
ÀϺ» ±¹¹Îµé¿¡°Ô ºúÁö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀϺ» Á¤ºÎ´Â ±¹¹Î 1ÀÎ´ç ¾à 750¸¸ ¿£À»
ºúÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. Áï ÀϺ» ºÎäÀÇ Ã¤±ÇÀÚÀÇ 95%°¡ ÀϺ» ±¹³»¿¡ ÀÖ´Â
ÅõÀÚÀÚµîÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿Ü±¹¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎäó·³ °æÁ¦°¡ ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
2019³â ¸» ±âÁØ ÀϺ»ÀÇ ¿ÜºÎ ÀÚ»ê (ÀϺ» °ÅÁÖÀÚ°¡ º¸À¯ÇÑ ÇØ¿Ü ÀÚ»ê)Àº
1,097.7Á¶¿£(8Á¶ 79¾ï ´Þ·¯)À¸·Î ÀϺ» GDPÀÇ 2¹è¿¡ À̸£°í, ¿ÜºÎ ºÎä
(ºñ°ÅÁÖÀÚ°¡ ÀϺ»¿¡¼ º¸À¯ÇÑ ÀÚ»ê)´Â 733.2Á¶¿£À¸·Î, ±× °á°ú ÀϺ»ÀÇ
±¹Á¦ ¼ø ÅõÀÚ Æ÷Áö¼Ç (´ë¿Ü Àڻ꿡¼ ´ë¿Ü ºÎ並 »« ±Ý¾×)Àº
364.5Á¶¿£À̾ú´Ù.
ÀϺ»Àº ¼¼°è¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¾ÈÀüÇÑ Ã¤±ÇÀ¸·Î ³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¹Ì±¹ ±¹Ã¤¸¦
1Á¶ 1,470¾ï ´Þ·¯¸¦ º¸À¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾î Áß±¹ 1Á¶ 2,440¾ï ´Þ·¯¿¡ À̾î
µÎ ¹ø°·Î ¸¹Àº ¹Ì±¹ ä±Ç±¹°¡ÀÌ´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ ÀϺ»ÀÇ ¿ÜÈ Áغñ±ÝÀº 1996³âºÎÅÍ 1998³â±îÁö ¾à 2,200¾ï ´Þ·¯¿¡
¸Ó¹°·¶À¸³ª, 1999³âºÎÅÍ Áغñ±ÝÀº Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿©, 2019³â ¸»¿¡´Â
1Á¶ 3,238¾ï ´Þ·¯·Î 3³â ¿¬¼Ó Áõ°¡Çß´Ù.
(ÀϺ» Åë°èû, https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/c0117.html)
±¹Á¦Åëȱâ±Ý(IMF) 2022³â ¼¼°è°æÁ¦Àü¸Á ÀÚ·á¿¡ µû¸£¸é, Çѱ¹ÀÇ ±¹°¡Ã¤¹«
ºñÀ²Àº 2022³â 55.1%, 2023³â 58.5%, 2024³â 61.5%, 2025³â 64.2%·Î
Àü¸ÁÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.(IMF ¡°Gross debt position¡±, https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/G_XWDG_G01_GDP_PT@FM/
ADVEC/FM_EMG/FM_LIDC)
¹«µð½º ¹× S&P¿Í ÇÔ²² ¼¼°è 3´ë ½Å¿ëÆò°¡È¸»ç Áß ÇϳªÀÎ ÇÇÄ¡(Fitch)´Â
Áö³ÇØ "Çѱ¹ÀÇ GDP ´ëºñ ºÎäºñÀ²ÀÌ 2023³â 46%±îÁö Áõ°¡ÇÒ °æ¿ì Áß±âÀû
À¸·Î ±¹°¡ ½Å¿ëµî±Þ¿¡ ÇÏÇâÁ¶Á¤ ¾Ð·ÂÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù" °í ¹àÈù ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù.
[ÁÖ¿ä ±¹°¡º° GDP ´ëºñ ÃѺÎä ºñÀ²(%) (IMF)]
±¹°¡º° | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
ÇÁ¶û½º | 35.6 | 58.9 | 85.3 | 95.6 | 98.0 | 98.3 | 98.0 | 97.6 | 115.1 | 115.8 | 113.5 | 114/6 | 115.4 | 116.2 |
µ¶ÀÏ | - | 59.3 | 82.5 | 72.3 | 69.3 | 65.0 | 61.6 | 59.2 | 69.1 | 72.5 | 69.8 | 68.0 | 65.9 | 63.4 |
±×¸®½º | 73.8 | 105.8 | 147.5 | 179.0 | 183.4 | 182.4 | 190.0 | 184.9 | 211.2 | 206.7 | 199.4 | 192.4 | 188.2 | 184.0 |
ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ | 101.3 | 109.0 | 119.2 | 135.3 | 134.8 | 134.1 | 134.4 | 134.6 | 155.8 | 154.8 | 150.4 | 149.4 | 148.6 | 147.5 |
ÀϺ» | 63.0 | 135.6 | 205.7 | 228.4 | 232.5 | 231.4 | 232.5 | 235.4 | 254.1 | 256.9 | 252.3 | 250.8 | 251.0 | 251.3 |
Çѱ¹ | 13.2 | 16.7 | 29.5 | 40.8 | 41.2 | 40.1 | 40.0 | 42.1 | 47.9 | 52.3 | 55.1 | 58.5 | 61.5 | 64.2 |
¿µ±¹ | 28.6 | 36.7 | 74.3 | 86.7 | 86.8 | 86.3 | 85.8 | 85.2 | 104.5 | 108.5 | 107.1 | 109.4 | 110.4 | 111.2 |
¹Ì±¹ | - | - | 95.1 | 104.9 | 106.9 | 106.0 | 107.1 | 108.5 | 133.9 | 133.3 | 130.7 | 131.1 | 131.7 | 132.5 |
¼±Áø G-20 | - | - | 105.7 | 110.8 | 113.9 | 111.6 | 111.4 | 112.8 | 133.8 | 132.8 | 130.2 | 130.4 | 130.5 | 130.5 |
¼±Áø °æÁ¦±¹ | - | 81.2 | 97.4 | 103.1 | 105.6 | 103.2 | 102.7 | 103.8 | 122.7 | 121.6 | 119.3 | 119.3 | 119.1 | 118.8 |
½ÅÈï±¹ G-20 | - | 48.4 | 38.8 | 44.0 | 48.8 | 51.4 | 53.2 | 55.8 | 65.3 | 66.1 | 68.3 | 70.0 | 71.3 | 72.5 |
À¯·ÎÁö¿ª | - | 69.1 | 85.8 | 90.9 | 90.1 | 87.7 | 85.7 | 83.7 | 97.5 | 98.9 | 96.3 | 95.4 | 94.5 | 93.4 |
¼±Áø G7 | - | - | 111.6 | 116.3 | 119.5 | 117.4 | 117.1 | 118.0 | 140.2 | 139.0 | 135.7 | 135.8 | 135.8 | 135.8 |
°³¹ß µµ»ó±¹ | - | 70.5 | 28.5 | 36.2 | 39.5 | 42.1 | 42.7 | 44.2 | 45.0 | 50.2 | 49.8 | 49.0 | 48.5 | 480 |
Ãâó : 2022.2.2. IMF Gross debt position(% of GDP) (https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/G_XWDG_G01_GDP_PT@FM/ADVEC/
FM_EMG/FM_LIDC)